DefineLaw

What is jurisdiction?

Jurisdiction is a court’s authority to hear a case and bind the parties.

Why it matters

Without jurisdiction, any judgment can later be thrown out.

Common confusion

Jurisdiction is authority; venue is the proper location.

DefineLaw editors — plain-English definitions for general reference; not a substitute for advice from a licensed attorney.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the types?

Subject-matter (the kind of case) and personal (over the parties).

Can a court lack jurisdiction?

Yes — then it cannot rule on the case.

How is it challenged?

By a motion to dismiss before answering on the merits.

Related litigation terms